What is the primary function of propolis in a hive?

Propolis serves a crucial role in maintaining the health and integrity of a beehive. Primarily, it is used by bees to seal gaps and cracks in the hive, creating a protective barrier that helps block out drafts and maintain a stable internal temperature. This is particularly important for the survival of the colony, especially during colder months.

In addition to sealing the hive, propolis possesses antimicrobial properties. Bees use it to coat the interiors of their hives, which can help prevent the growth of harmful bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens. This antimicrobial action contributes to overall hive health and enhances the bees' ability to combat diseases. The combination of sealing and antimicrobial functions makes propolis an essential element in the maintenance and protection of the hive environment.