What is the function of propolis in a bee colony?

Propolis serves a vital role in maintaining the structural integrity and hygiene of a bee colony, acting as a natural sealant for the hive. Bees collect resinous substances from tree buds, sap flows, and other botanical sources, which they then mix with beeswax and their saliva to create propolis. This mixture is used to seal cracks and gaps in the hive, protecting it from environmental elements and preventing water entry.

Additionally, propolis has antimicrobial properties, helping to protect the colony from pathogens and diseases. By sealing the hive, bees enhance their overall health and ensure a stable environment for brood development. The use of propolis plays a crucial part in the bees’ adaptation strategies against threats from external invaders and helps maintain internal conditions that are conducive to hive health and productivity.